Leadership in the digital era: learning from the past and challenges for the future

Abstract

This paper is organized as follows. First, we briefly review three leadership models we consider particularly relevant in the digital era. Next, we examine what we consider are the key forces that impact organizations in the digital era, and the leadership challenges they present. Based on these challenges, we then make some preliminary observations about the requirements and the functions of leadership in the digital era. Finally, we close with some conclusions and directions for further research.